Kejadian 18:2

18:2 Abraham ¹  looked up ²  and saw ³  three men standing across ⁴  from him. When he saw them ⁵  he ran from the entrance of the tent to meet them and bowed low ⁶  to the ground. ⁷ 

Kejadian 18:22

18:22 The two men turned ⁸  and headed ⁹  toward Sodom, but Abraham was still standing before the Lord. ¹⁰ 

Kejadian 19:10

19:10 So the men inside ¹¹  reached out ¹²  and pulled Lot back into the house ¹³  as they shut the door.

Kejadian 19:12

19:12 Then the two visitors ¹⁴  said to Lot, “Who else do you have here? ¹⁵  Do you have ¹⁶  any sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or other relatives in the city? ¹⁷  Get them out of this ¹⁸  place

Kejadian 19:16

19:16 When Lot ¹⁹  hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord had compassion on them. ²⁰  They led them away and placed them ²¹  outside the city.

[18:2]  ¹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:2]  ² tn Heb “lifted up his eyes.”

[18:2]  ³ tn Heb “and saw, and look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) draws attention to what he saw. The drawn-out description focuses the reader’s attention on Abraham’s deliberate, fixed gaze and indicates that what he is seeing is significant.

[18:2]  ⁴ tn The Hebrew preposition עַל (’al) indicates the three men were nearby, but not close by, for Abraham had to run to meet them.

[18:2]  ⁵ tn The pronoun “them” has been supplied in the translation for clarification. In the Hebrew text the verb has no stated object.

[18:2]  ⁶ tn The form וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ (vayyishtakhu, “and bowed low”) is from the verb הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה (hishtakhavah, “to worship, bow low to the ground”). It is probably from a root חָוָה (khavah), though some derive it from שָׁחָה (shakhah).

[18:2]  ⁷ sn The reader knows this is a theophany. The three visitors are probably the Lord and two angels (see Gen 19:1). It is not certain how soon Abraham recognized the true identity of the visitors. His actions suggest he suspected this was something out of the ordinary, though it is possible that his lavish treatment of the visitors was done quite unwittingly. Bowing down to the ground would be reserved for obeisance of kings or worship of the Lord. Whether he was aware of it or not, Abraham’s action was most appropriate.

[18:22]  ⁸ tn Heb “And the men turned from there.” The word “two” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied here for clarity. Gen 19:1 mentions only two individuals (described as “angels”), while Abraham had entertained three visitors (18:2). The implication is that the Lord was the third visitor, who remained behind with Abraham here. The words “from there” are not included in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[18:22]  ⁹ tn Heb “went.”

[18:22]  ¹⁰ tc An ancient Hebrew scribal tradition reads “but the Lord remained standing before Abraham.” This reading is problematic because the phrase “standing before” typically indicates intercession, but the Lord would certainly not be interceding before Abraham.

[19:10]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the men,” referring to the angels inside Lot’s house. The word “inside” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:10]  ¹² tn The Hebrew text adds “their hand.” These words have not been translated for stylistic reasons.

[19:10]  ¹³ tn Heb “to them into the house.”

[19:12]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the men,” referring to the angels inside Lot’s house. The word “visitors” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[19:12]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “Yet who [is there] to you here?”

[19:12]  ¹⁶ tn The words “Do you have” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[19:12]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “a son-in-law and your sons and your daughters and anyone who (is) to you in the city.”

[19:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “the place.” The Hebrew article serves here as a demonstrative.

[19:16]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Lot) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[19:16]  ²⁰ tn Heb “in the compassion of the Lord to them.”

[19:16]  ²¹ tn Heb “brought him out and placed him.” The third masculine singular suffixes refer specifically to Lot, though his wife and daughters accompanied him (see v. 17). For stylistic reasons these have been translated as plural pronouns (“them”).